Social Recovery Onboarding

Overview

With well-timed nudges designed to encourage users to embrace social recovery, this project seeks to onboard users from the standpoint of wallets that have yet to implement this feature.

Project

Personal Project

Role

User Research
User Interface
‍Visual Design

"I lost the passphrase to my ledger...
I hid it too well from myself"

u/ustroh — I lost my seed phrase r/ledgerwallet

Context

Social Recovery — a safer alternative for self-custody

Social Recovery is frequently championed as the preferable method to secure a hardware wallet, offering a more resilient and community-oriented approach to asset recovery.

Self-custody of Digital Assets

A movement where user takes full control and responsibility of holding and managing their digital assets without relying on third-party intermediaries.

Wallet Security
Social Recovery, Seed Phrases and Self-custody

To most crypto natives, the use of mnemonic phrases is a familiar method for securing digital assets.

Unfortunately,

Adoption of Social Recovery is Lackluster

One look at the current landscape of crypto wallets, you’ll see that nearly all of the most popular wallets do not currently implement Social Recovery.

One look at the current landscape of crypto wallets, you’ll see that nearly all of the most popular wallets do not currently implement Social Recovery.

Proposed
Since 2016*
Market Share
Less than 1%
Number of Wallets
Only 2 Wallets

What if a Market Leader Adopted Social Recovery?

While efforts to move the industry towards broader adoption of social recovery is underway, the question I pose envisions another approach:

Transitioning From Seedphrases

A movement where user takes full control and responsibility of holding and managing their digital assets without relying on third-party intermediaries.

While efforts to move the industry towards broader adoption of social recovery is underway, the question I pose envisions another approach:

6 wallets take up 76% the market — their influence could set industry norms
A Highly Entrenched Market

Just 6 wallets—all of which do not have a recovery mechanism in-case of lost or theft—compose of 76% of the market. If just one of the leaders implemented Social Recovery for their users, others could follow suit.

Challenge

In an effort to support the industry, I set out to address the following challenge How might an established wallets nudge users towards adopting Social Recovery?

Research

User Interviews

Asking crypto users their willingness to enable Social Recovery. A challenge of the interview was to respect the desire for privacy in the majority of participants. Interview primarily conducted through discord.

Secondary Research

Looked at prior discussions from Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum Research and Crypto Users active on Twitter.

Literature Review

Reviewing behavioral economics, specifically nudging research in the context of security and privacy.

Representativeness heuristic may lead users to perceive security incidents as low-probability events, because they are often not directly observable, and therefore do not conform to the perceived distribution of events online.

It has been shown that users often ignore security warnings, even in the context of sensitive websites, such as banking or health. If users themselves or someone they know have not been hurt due to lax security behaviors, then they are unlikely to heed security advice. (Acquisti et al. 2017)

Deliverable
A Framework for Assessing Nudge-based Solutions
Case Study — Argent Wallet

Looking at existing and wallets that have implemented Social Recovery and their implementation.

Research Insights

Security is rarely an end-users’ primary task

02

Cognitive shortcuts and biases leads to poor security decisions

03

Nudges can mitigate or exploit cognitive hurdles

04

Users are apprehensive of choosing the 'wrong' Guardians

05

Users are apprehensive of choosing the 'wrong' Guardians

06

Users are apprehensive of choosing the 'wrong' Guardians

07

Users are apprehensive of choosing the 'wrong' Guardians

Deliverable
User Group Profiles

Based on the Casual Enthusiast, a fictional persona and user scenario was created to illustrate the challenges the user faces without Social Recovery.

Deliverable
Task Model

Representativeness heuristic may lead users to perceive security incidents as low-probability events, themselves or someone they know have not been. Still the Model only has

Looking at existing and wallets that have implemented Social Recovery and their implementation.

Analysis

The insights and deliverables from the research phases is used to separate three key tasks to solve, derive their corresponding users needs formulated as HMWs.

Area 01
Nudge users to enable Social Recovery
The user needs to know the benefits of social recovery and the risk of irrevocable loss.
Area 02
Minimize the friction of choosing guardians
Area 03
Incentivize users—if onboarding is discontinued
Research Insights
03
Security is rarely an end-users’ primary task
Users are resistant to want to re-setup their wallets
User Needs
What does the user need to want to activate Social Recovery?
User Need 01
The user needs to know the benefits of social recovery and the risk of irrevocable loss.
User Need 02
The user also needs to know the role of guardians in the social recovery process.
User Need 03
How Might We

How Might We ensure the users knows the benefits of social recovery and the risk of irrevocable loss?

How Might We make sure the users understand the role guardians in the social recovery process?

Research Insights
03
Users are apprehensive of choosing the 'wrong' Guardians
User Needs
What does the user need to enable Social Recovery?
User Need 01
If the user has trouble meeting the minimum of three guardians, the user needs guidance on choosing guardians that are reliable and trustworthy.
How Might We

How Might We provide guidance on choosing guardians that are reliable and trustworthy?

Research Insights
03
Users are apprehensive of choosing the 'wrong' Guardians
User Needs
What does the user need to restart, if they discontinue the onboarding?
The user may need further convincing about the benefits of social recovery and the risk of irrevocable loss.
The user may need a simple reminder that the onboarding process can continue.
The user may need incentives that rewards the user upon the completion of the onboarding process.
How Might We

How Might We incentivizes users to complete the onboarding process?

How Might We alert users that the onboarding process can continue?

Outcomes

Looking at existing and wallets that have implemented social recovery and the onboarding process.

Concepts

Looking at existing and wallets that have implemented social recovery and the onboarding process.

Wireframes & Prototypes

Looking at existing and wallets that have implemented social recovery and the onboarding process.

Iterations

Looking at existing and wallets that have implemented social recovery and the onboarding process.

Design System

Looking at existing and wallets that have implemented social recovery and the onboarding process.

Solutions for Task 01

Nudging Users to Enable Social Recovery

Throughout the design process, iterations were implemented to address usability issues. The following changes were prioritized to better integrate the feature into the overall Apple product design style and improve user understanding.
Solution 1

Dedicated Security Tab

Instead of the usual placement of the security setting, The tab proposes it its placed front-and-center.

Equal Hierarchy

The security tab is placed in the main bottom navbar—on an equal hierarchical plane alongside other key features.

Nudge Dimension — Saliency

This increases its salience—serving as a persistent visual cue—making it more likely that users will notice and remember to engage with security features.

Solution 2

Cards of Caution

A persistent notification that is displayed in the Security page.

Representative Heuristics

It showcases instances where users with similar on-chain behaviors have permanently lost the exact same NFT or token—a result of not having Social Recovery.

Nudge — Framing / Feedback

By presenting real-life consequences, it shifts the user's perception of risk, making the potential for loss both tangible and relatable.

Task 2

Minimizing Friction of Choosing Guardians

To most crypto natives, the use of mnemonic phrases is a familiar method for securing digital assets; however, this security model is vulnerable to irrevocable loss, often eliciting significant anxiety and fear.

Solutions for Task 02

Minimizing Friction of Choosing Guardians

Solution 1

Default Configuration

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Recovery Setup

2-of-3 Recovery

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Guardian Composition

Hybrid

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

1
Seedphrase
1
Family or Friend
1
Trusted Institution
Availability Heuristics

Additionally, the score can be framed to exaggerate the risk.

Solution 2

Suggested Guardians

While there are multiple possible configurations for the type of Social Security a user can have.

Recommender System

Choosing a Guardian

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Solution 3

In-app
Personalized Messaging

While there are multiple possible configurations for the type of Social Security a user can have, the default is set to the minimum viable requirements to enable recovery without overwhelming users.

Minimizing Friction

Additionally, the score can be framed to exaggerate the risk.

Solution 4

Help System

While there are multiple possible configurations for the type of Social Security a user can have.

Help System

Introductory Guidance

Help System

Choosing Guardians

Hurdles
Apprehension and Indecision

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Nudge
Education

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Timing

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Task 3

Incentivizing Users—In the event onboarding is discontinued

To most crypto natives, the use of mnemonic phrases is a familiar method for securing digital assets; however, this security model is vulnerable to irrevocable loss, often eliciting significant anxiety and fear.

Solution 1

Reminders and Badges

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Solution 2

Points & Tokens

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Incentive

Points — Airdrop Potential

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Incentive

Tokens

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Hurdle
Lack of Motivation

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.

Awaiting Request Period

Provides users with real-time insight into their security settings based on their decisions.